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Introduction
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Herbs and vines 1. Plant not a vine...7 2. Leaves alternate...FABACEAE 3. Leaves compound...BIGNONIACEAE 5. Petals 4; plant prostrate on ground...RUBIACEAE 5. Petals 5; plant climbing on objects or other plants...CAPRIFOLIACEAE 6. Corolla yellow, > 1.5 cm long...LOGANIACEAE 6. Corolla blue-purple or yellow, if yellow then < 1.5 cm long...APOCYNACEAE 7. Perianth and perianth-like structure lacking...8 7. Perianth or structure simulating perianth present...12 8. Flowers on finger-like structure (spadix) that is surrounded by a modified leaf...ARACEAE 8. Flowers not on finger-like structure that is surrounded by a modified leaf...9 9. Flowers white, in a terminal spike; leaves with palmate veins, not sheathing stem; stem round in cross section...SAURURACEAE 9. Flowers green, greenish, or brown, not in terminal spike; leaves parallel veined, sheathing stem; stem round or triangular in cross section...10 10. Stem triangular in cross section...CYPERACEAE 10. Stem round in cross section or flattened...11 11. Ligule present at junction of leaf sheath and blade...POACEAE 11. Ligule lacking...JUNCACEAE 12. Flowers aggregated in compact heads that are subtended by a series of bracts (heads not subtended by a series of bracts do not count.)...ASTERACEAE 12. Flowers not aggregated in compact heads as above...13 13. Milky latex exudes from broken leaves...14 13. Milky latex lacking...15 14. Perianth of two whorls, sepals minute; carpels 2...APOCYNACEAE 14. Perianth-like structure of one whorl; carpels 3...EUPHORBIACEAE 15. Corolla in 3’s or multiples of 3 AND leaf venation parallel...16 15. Lacking one or both of the character states noted above...20 16. Corolla irregular...ORCHIDACEAE 18. Stamen filaments bearded...COMMELINACEAE 18. Stamen filaments glabrous...LILIACEAE 19. Stamen 6...AMARYLLIDACEAE 20. Ovary superior...25 21. Flowers 4-merous...24 22. Leaves compound or divided...APIACEAE 22. Leaves simple, undivided...23 23. Stems dichotomously branched...VALERIANACEAE 23. Stem unbranched throughout or in upper part...CAMPANULACEAE 24. Leaves opposite or whorled...RUBIACEAE 24.
Leaves alternate...ONAGRACEAE 25. Perianth of calyx only or corolla only...26 25. Perianth of both calyx and corolla...32 26. Sheathing stipule present at base of leaf...POLYGONACEAE 26. Sheathing stipule lacking at base of leaf...27 27. Upright aerial stem lacking...ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 27. Upright aerial stem present...28 28. Petals or petaloid sepals > 4...29 28. Petals or petaloid sepals 4 ( but may look like only 2) ...30 29. Stamen 5...SANTALACEAE 29. Stamen >5...RANUNCULACEAE 30. Perianth urn-shaped...RANUNCULACEAE 30. Perianth not urn-shaped...31 31. Perianth saccate; corolla irregular...FUMARIACEAE 31. Perianth not saccate; corolla regular...GENTIANACEAE 33. Ovary unlobed or lobes not 4...34 34. Stamen 4 – 6...35 35. Stamen with white or orange appendages...VIOLACEAE 35. Stamen without white or orange appendages...36 36. Perianth saccate...FUMARIACEAE 36. Perianth not saccate...SCROPHULARIACEAE 37. Sepals > 2...39 38. Stamen 5...PORTULACACEAE 38. Stamen > 5...PAPAVERACEAE 39. Stamen < 10...42 40. Sepals 6...BERBERIDACEAE 40. Sepals 5...41 41. Stolons present...ROSACEAE 41. Stolons lacking...RANUNCULACEAE 42. Sepals 5; petals 5...45 43. Plant scapose...PLANTAGINACEAE 43. Plant not scapose...44 44. Carpels fused throughout their lengths...BRASSICACEAE 44. Carpels fused only basally, separate throughout upper parts...CRASSULACEAE 45. Stamen connate...DIAPENSIACEAE 45. Stamen not connate...46 46. Stamen adnate to inside of petal tube...47 46. Stamen not adnate to petals...48 47. Ovary distinctly 4-lobed...BORAGINACEAE 47. Ovary not 4-lobed...POLEMONIACEAE 48. Carpels fused to each other only in their basal halves...SAXIFRAGACEAE 48. Carpels fused to each other throughout all or most of their lengths...49 49. Leaves compound, with 3 leaflets...OXALIDACEAE 49. Leaves simple, possibly lobed or dissected...50 50. Leaves lobed or dissected...GERANIACEAE 50. Leaves neither lobed nor dissected...51 51. Leaves uniformly green...CARYOPHYLLACEAE 51. Leaves variegated...ERICACEAE
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